ICTR / ICTY (now IRMCT)

Ad-hoc UN criminal tribunals · Arusha, Tanzania & The Hague · est. ICTY 1993, ICTR 1994; IRMCT 2010

Judicial — binding rulings

Tried genocide for Rwanda (Akayesu — the first-ever genocide conviction) and Srebrenica (Krstić). Built the modern legal test for genocidal intent.

Financing

organization

Money source

United Nations (established by Security Council resolutions).

Institutional alignment

Created by the UN Security Council; mandates now wound down to a residual mechanism.

Financing is shown to help readers weigh incentives and constraints. It is not a finding that the source is truthful or false.

Credibility & caveats

Foundational, rigorously-reasoned jurisprudence. Now closed to new cases; the residual mechanism handles appeals and archives.

Membership & leadership

Created by the UN Security Council. Judges and the prosecutor are nominated and elected through the UN system for fixed terms on the residual mechanism roster. No public membership — a small professional staff supports ongoing cases and archives.

Leadership & members

Graciela Gatti Santana (Uruguay)President
Serge Brammertz (Belgium)Prosecutor
Abubacarr Tambadou (The Gambia)Registrar
Roster of judgescurrent terms run to 30 June 2026

Named individuals reflect leadership at the time of writing; linked names have individual profiles in this record. See membership & leadership above for how they are selected.

People profiled in this record

On the record

Verbatim quotations in this project attributed to this body or its officials.

“There was an intention to wipe out the Tutsi group in its entirety, since even newborn babies were not spared.”
ICTR Trial Chamber — Prosecutor v. Akayesu· First conviction for genocide by an international court· 1998Historic judgement finds Akayesu guilty of genocide
Case: rwanda →
“All that The Gambia asks is that you tell Myanmar to stop these senseless killings ... to stop this genocide of its own people.”
Abubacarr Tambadou· Justice Minister of The Gambia, opening the ICJ case· Dec 2019The Gambia's opening statement at the ICJ
Case: rohingya →
“By seeking to eliminate a part of the Bosnian Muslims, the Bosnian Serb forces committed genocide. They targeted for extinction the forty thousand Bosnian Muslims living in Srebrenica.”
ICTY Appeals Chamber — Prosecutor v. Krstić· First genocide conviction at the ICTY· 2004Appeals Chamber Judgement, Prosecutor v. Krstić
Case: srebrenica →
“Sexual violence was a step in the process of destruction of the Tutsi group — destruction of the spirit, of the will to live, and of life itself.”
ICTR Trial Chamber — Prosecutor v. Akayesu· First conviction for genocide by an international court· 1998Prosecutor v. Akayesu (ICTR)
Case: rwanda →
“The Bosnian Serb forces knew that by separating the men and boys from the women and children ... they were ensuring that the community would not regenerate itself.”
ICTY Trial Chamber — Prosecutor v. Krstić· Genocide conviction at the ICTY· 2001Prosecutor v. Krstić — Trial Judgment
Case: srebrenica →

Cases in this record

Sources & disclosures

Cases & case law — IRMCT